The most important determinant of organ transplantation compatibility, the ABO blood type system characterizes human blood into four groups — A, B, O, and AB — based on the presence of immunological molecules within the blood. These molecules include antigens…
Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in China in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has infected nearly 500 million people around the world, resulting in 6 million deaths (1). Despite the common respiratory symptoms of the viral infection, COVID-19 affects…
The hysteroscope is used in modern gynecology to visualize the endometrial cavity. The device is inserted through the cervix, and the entire procedure may be performed in an office setting (Okohue, 2020). Hysteroscopy is especially important in evaluating both premenopausal…
Ophthalmologic complications are common in critically ill patients requiring prolonged ventilation. These complications are caused by improper eye care and impaired functioning of normal mechanisms that protect the eye from dehydration and abrasion. In the era of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), where…
Overtreatment is defined as treatment that is unlikely to help a patient, which can stem from various factors, including a lack of alignment between the patient’s wishes and their physician’s clinical recommendations. Examples include prescribing a medication that a patient…
The debate around anesthesia management of lung surgery has made quite a few developments in the past decade. Perioperative pain can be extremely intense for patients undergoing thoracic incisions. Without proper anesthesia, patients may experience difficulties breathing and painful coughing…
As of November 29th, 2021, the disease known as Covid-19 had already resulted in over 5.5 million recorded deaths globally.1 Though the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have been widespread, certain populations have faced a disproportionate risk of severe illness…
Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery, or MINS, is a condition that affects approximately 20% of patients who undergo major surgery [1]. Unfortunately, there is a strong association between MINS and major surgical patients’ short-term and long-term mortalities [1]. Furthermore, it…
When it was founded in 1985, the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF) was first patient safety organization in the U.S. and ignited the modern patient safety movement. The APSF’s core goal is to ensure “that no patient shall be harmed…
During rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery, operating teams reattach a split sensory retina to the retinal pigment epithelium [1]. During the procedure, the anesthesiologist must ensure the safety of the patient and the comfort of the surgeon(s) [2]. From weighing…