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Current CDC guidelines continue to advise persons who test positive for COVID-19 to isolate for a minimum of five days (4). While the CDC defines the start of isolation as the date of symptom onset, organizations such as schools and…

A “soft drug” is an active compound that can easily be transformed into an inactive metabolite in the body [1]. Anesthesiology requires careful consideration of three axes: safety, effectiveness, and efficiency [2]. In medical practice, the third axis (efficiency) is…

Ensuring a swift discharge after surgery is important for patient outcomes and helps reduce health care costs 1. A number of factors can influence time to discharge following surgery, ranging from anesthesia to perioperative workflow.  First, even after controlling for…

Data from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics reveal that hospital prices have increased over 2% annually in the past decade, placing in hospital spending and costs in the U.S. today at an all-time high 1. This has ushered in –…

The most important determinant of organ transplantation compatibility, the ABO blood type system characterizes human blood into four groups — A, B, O, and AB — based on the presence of immunological molecules within the blood. These molecules include antigens…

Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in China in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has infected nearly 500 million people around the world, resulting in 6 million deaths (1). Despite the common respiratory symptoms of the viral infection, COVID-19 affects…

The hysteroscope is used in modern gynecology to visualize the endometrial cavity. The device is inserted through the cervix, and the entire procedure may be performed in an office setting (Okohue, 2020). Hysteroscopy is especially important in evaluating both premenopausal…

Ophthalmologic complications are common in critically ill patients requiring prolonged ventilation. These complications are caused by improper eye care and impaired functioning of normal mechanisms that protect the eye from dehydration and abrasion. In the era of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), where…

Overtreatment is defined as treatment that is unlikely to help a patient, which can stem from various factors, including a lack of alignment between the patient’s wishes and their physician’s clinical recommendations. Examples include prescribing a medication that a patient…

The debate around anesthesia management of lung surgery has made quite a few developments in the past decade. Perioperative pain can be extremely intense for patients undergoing thoracic incisions. Without proper anesthesia, patients may experience difficulties breathing and painful coughing…