Health challenges vary significantly between countries due to differences in healthcare infrastructure, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences. While some illnesses are prevalent globally, others are more prominent in specific regions or populations. Top[RJ1] illnesses in the US differ…
Endotracheal intubation is a procedure performed in various settings, including the OR, emergency departments, and critical care units. It may be necessary in situations where a patient is experiencing acute respiratory failure, inadequate oxygenation or ventilation, or has a compromised…
Lidocaine is an amide local anesthetic commonly used for local or topical anesthesia. As with other local anesthetics, lidocaine’s mechanism of action occurs at sodium ion channels on the internal surface of the plasma membranes of neurons. By ionizing via…
Currently, there are approximately 4.2 million adults in the United States who are visually impaired. Early diagnosis and treatment, including surgery, have the potential to reverse vision impairment, such as cataract extraction, or slow and reduce the progression of diseases…
General anesthesia induces a state of unconsciousness, amnesia, and immobility via the suspension of neural activity, including physiological processes mediated by the spinal cord. Research on the mechanisms of anesthesia has been extensively conducted at both micro- and macro- levels.…
Older individuals contemplating surgery often express concerns regarding potential complications, returning home, and the anticipated improvement in their quality of life. Notably, the avoidance of new or worsening disability becomes a paramount consideration with advancing age. To better guide patients,…
Over the past couple of decades, drug shortages have become a relatively common occurrence in clinical settings. According to an American Hospital Association (AHA) survey of community hospitals, nearly 50% of responding hospitals reported at least 21 drug shortages within…
In July 2020, remimazolam, a novel short-acting drug, was approved in the US for procedural sedation in adults (1). Like midazolam (a common anesthetic adjunct), remimazolam is a benzodiazepine and operates by modulating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor activity to induce…
Medicare, the federal health insurance program that provides coverage for Americans aged 65 and older, has been a cornerstone of the nation’s healthcare system for decades. As healthcare costs have continued to rise, the need for fiscal responsibility and sustainability…
Experimental design is at the heart of scientific inquiry. Its primary purpose is to ensure that the data obtained is sufficiently reliable and valid to draw meaningful conclusions. Anesthesia research, which delves into the science of inducing a loss of…