Transgender is an umbrella term that describes people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from what is typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth.1 Some researchers estimate that one million adults in the United States and…

Anesthesia providers are responsible for patients before, during and after procedures. They not only administer medications and monitor vital signs, but also oversee patients’ emergence from anesthesia. Various factors can affect a patient’s awakening process, including the patient’s medical history,…

High-intensity jobs can cause physical and mental exhaustion in workers. Health care workers in particular face a variety of stressors1 that can cause work-related burnout, defined as “exhaustion of physical or emotional strength as a result of prolonged stress or…

For many people, there is a noticeable deterioration in the quality of sleep after a surgery [1]. Around 50% of patients hospitalized overnight after surgery have sleep disturbances [1]. Unfortunately, poor post-operative sleep is related to negative outcomes such as…

Ultrasound devices came first to existence with the discovery of the piezoelectric effect by Pierre and Jacques Curie in the 1880s. Since then, ultrasonic devices have been used in a wide range of industrial and medical sectors.   Ultrasound technology…

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as “a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible.”1 A COPD diagnosis is confirmed by a test…

The Marketing and Outreach Restoration to Empower Health (MORE) Health Education Act was introduced in the Senate as bill S. 455 and in the House of Representatives as H.R. 987 in early February 2019 [1, 2]. In the House, the…

Though the purpose of medicine is primarily to heal patients,1 the medical field also provides careers to numerous physicians, nurses, technicians and more. Because so many earn their livelihoods from health professions, it is important to acknowledge health care providers’…

General anesthesia is administered either through intravenous or inhalation methods.1 Anesthesiologists give inhalation anesthesia, which has been common for over 80 years,2 through a laryngeal mask airway, anesthesia mask or tracheal tube connected to an anesthetic vaporizer and an anesthetic…

General anesthesia, which is usually administered as a combination of intravenous (IV) drugs and inhaled gases, is used to put patients in a sleep-like, pain-free state before a surgery or medical procedure.1 Medical procedures that warrant general anesthesia include those…